ROE (return on equity) is net income over 12 months divided by shareholders' equity: how much profit the company earns on each unit of its owners' capital.
ROA (return on assets) is net income divided by total assets: how efficiently the company uses what it owns.
Net margin is the share of net income in revenue: how much profit remains from each unit of sales.
Operating margin is the share of profit from core operations in revenue, before interest and taxes.
Debt / equity compares borrowed money with shareholders' equity: the higher it is, the more the company depends on lenders.
The current ratio is current assets divided by short-term liabilities: whether the company has enough cash and inventory to pay its nearest debts.
Revenue growth is the change in revenue over the last 12 months against the same period a year earlier.